Operation Ajax : How the CIA Overthrew Iran's Democratically Elected Prime Minister / Mark N. Alexander

Book Cover Operation Ajax : How the CIA Overthrew Iran's Democratically Elected Prime Minister
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The United States at the end of WWII and towards the start of the Cold War passed the National Security Act which charged the CIA with a variety of intelligence gathering and analysis functions, including the highly secretive "third option" also known as Covert Action. This book examines operation "Ajax."

The United States covert actions around the world opened upon itself in many cases like Ajax a Pandora box that has no closing. Operation Ajax forced a people which had evolved politically to establishing for themselves the same principles enjoyed by peoples of the West, democracy; that is a government, for the people by the people. Operation Ajax destroyed democracy in Iran and created a hatred for the United States in that country that would come to haunt United States 25 years later on the morning of November 4, 1979, the day the Islamic Revolution took place.

Covert action often is used to solve an immediate problem when all other forms of diplomacy and governmental avenues are no longer options. The cornerstone of Covert Action is the deniability factor in which the government denies any involvement in the secret mission. If there is no deniability factor, then the mission is considered a failure.

This book examines Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mosaddeq, a nationalist whom would have protected the ideals of liberalism in Iran and maintained its secular nature. If the CIA did not move against Mosaddeq, Iran would have remained a strong ally for the United States, for the Iranians never had any quarrels with the US but rather detested the Brits for imperialistic policies in Iran especially with the Anglo-Iranian oil company. After Mosaddeq nationalized the Anglo-Iranian oil company, the British felt that he had stolen their property and began working on deposing him. Mosaddeq suppressed the British attempt and so they sought the CIA for help. Initially, the US was reluctant to help, President Truman sympathized with nationalist movements like the one of Mossadegh. He had nothing but contempt for oldstyle imperialists. After Truman left office, Eisenhower was elected. The British tried again, this time changing the game plan. The British coerced the United States to doing their bidding for them, manipulating John Foster Dulles, the incoming secretary of state, and Allen Dulles, the incoming CIA director, knowledge of their zeal of hatred for communism was evident, the British focused their case there, stating that Mosaddeq was really a communist and that Iran was in danger of falling under the iron curtain.

This book goes into detail not only of the successful operation that removed Mossadeq but also the background into what caused the U.S. to initiate the covert action named operation Ajax.
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