MULTIPHASE PRODUCTION: Pipeline Transport, Pumping and metering (IFP Publications)

Fluids produced from hydrocarbon fields are composed of a mixture of oil, gas and water, often with corrosive components, sometimes laden with solid particles, and are a potential source of many flow instabilities. Frequently, they are now directly exported long distances, in multiphase conditions, towards an existing processing facility or a new processing centre created to serve simultaneously several new fields. This production scheme, which is especially applied offshore, in mature basins such as in the North Sea or in the Gulf of Mexico where infrastructure exists over large areas, can also improve the economics of small or deepwater fields.