Foundations of Plane Geometry

Ideal for users who may have little previous experience with abstraction and proof, this book provides a rigorous and unified—yet straightforward and accessible—exposition of the foundations of Euclidean, hyperbolic, and spherical geometry. Unique in approach, it combines an extended theme—the study of a generalized absolute plane from axioms through classification into the three fundamental classical planes—with a leisurely development that allows ample time for mathematical growth. It is purposefully structured to facilitate the development of analytic and reasoning skills and to promote an awareness of the depth, power, and subtlety of the axiomatic method in general, and of Euclidean and non-Euclidean plane geometry in particular. Focus on one main topic—The axiomatic development of the absolute plane—which is pursued through a classification into Euclidean, hyperbolic, and spherical planes. Presents specific models such as the sphere, the Klein-Betrami hyperbolic model, and the “gap” plane. Gradually presents axioms for absolute plane geometry.