Walnut Orchard Management (Publication, 21410)

Contents
The Walnut Industry-an Overview
California History
Genetic Improvement
Marketing California English Walnuts
Economic Considerations
Establishing the Walnut Orchard
Identification and Evaluation of Soils
Site Preparation and Correction of Soil Problems
Irrigation Systems
Propagation
Selection of Varieties
Orchard Planning, Design, and Planting
Training Young Trees
The Walnut Tree and Fruit
Carbohydrate Assimilation, Translocation, and Utilization
Physiological Aspects of Water Use by Trees
Nitrogen Assimilation and Utilization
Root Physiology and Rootstock Characteristics
Flower Differentiation and Pollination
Pistillate Flower Abscission
Fruit Growth and Development
Cultural Considerations in Walnuts
Pruning and Tree Thinning
Irrigation Scheduling
Measuring Soil Moisture
Mineral Nutrient Availability
Mineral Nutrient Diagnosis: Using Soil/Plant Analyses and Symptomology
Pest Management in Walnuts
Vegetation Management
Controlling Nematodes that Parasitize Roots
Armillaria and Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot Diseases • 130 27 Blackline Disease
28 Bark, Fruit, and Foliage Diseases
Insect and Mite Pests
Application of Spray Materials
Harvesting and Handling Walnuts
Maturation, Harvesting, and Nut Quality
Dehydration