A comprehensive plumbing and pipefitting labor estimating maunual that includes over 30000 units in 186 tables, and provides for the different common levels of estimating, from proposal work to exact detailing. All units are based on current construction standards, equipment, and productivity in North America, and adjustment methods are addressed in detail for varying conditions. All tables and units are clear, concise, complete and functionally related to the physical characteristics of pipe and fittings and the related work activities. Both imperial and metric standards are provided for and also widest common range of piping items and sizes that are available and in use.