Engineering thermodynamics

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1912 Excerpt: ...(free) Total Carbon (in C02) Hydrogen (water) Oxygen (in CO2) Oxygen (water) Total = 18.4% by weight. = 3.6 % by weight. = 78.0 % by weight. 100.00% = 18.4 % by weight. = 3.6 % by weight. = 78.0 % by weight. 100.00% Neither combustion or its related reactions take place with oxygen alone, but with air containing oxygen, 23.2 per cent, and nitrogen, 76.8 per cent 76.8 by weight, each pound of oxygen carrying with it = 3.31 lbs. of nitrogen or existing in 4.31 lbs. of air. The nitrogen is generally considered neutral, though it may form compounds with hydrogen, such as ammonia directly, or with oxygen, such as nitrous oxide if conditions are right. If neutral, it has the effect of changing the weight of the mixture by an amount depending on the proportion of oxygen that came from air. f (Weight of mixture with oxygen alone) /.....iL.. I +3.31 (wt. oxygen present) / = (wei«ht of mixture TMth TM = 3.31 (wt. of oxygen present). f (weight of nitrogen to be added when I air is used instead of oxygen) This will add in the present case 304X3.31 = 1006 lbs. of nitrogen in the combustion of one molecule or 86 lbs. of hexane, the sum of 304 lbs. of oxygen and 1006 lbs. of nitrogen, giving 1310 lbs., the weight of air required, and raising the total weight of the mixture to 1396 lbs. Of course, the per cent of the various constituents of the mixture and products is now changed, but the amount of change is quickly computed. All these relative numbers can be conveniently given in tables of conversion factors, such a table for hexane being given below, as a type form, useful in every-day work when it is necessary to make repeated calculations with some one fuel. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR WEIGHTS IN THE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF HEXANE WITH AIR TO WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE Th...