Long-Distance Electric Power Transmission, Being A Treatise On The Hydro-Electric Generation Of Energy; Its Transformation, Transmission, And Distribution

Long - Distance Electric Power Transmission Being a Treatise on the Hydro-Electric Generation of Energy Its Transformation, Transmission, and Distribution -- I907 -- PREFACE - SINCE the beginning of the twentieth century the devklopment . of water-powers for long-distance transmission which began with the famous Frankfort-Lauffen transmission in Germany, in 1891, has been so rapid, and has been marked by such startling feats of engineering skill, that it is almost impossible, except to those who have been intimately connected with this field of engineering, to have more than a vague knowledge of the physical features of such plants. The author has been encouraged to write the book by the demand of engineers and students for infordation in concise and convenient form, on the kinds of machinery and apparatus used in hydro-electric, high-tension engineering, and the construction and operation of high-potential transmission properties. While primarily intended as a book of reference for engineers and a text-book for students, it is believed that with the exception of some portions it can be intelligently read by those educated persons who are seriously looking for information on this fascinating branch of applied science. The book does not claim to present anything new, nor does it claim to be an exhaustive treatise on the subject. Indeed, the field of high-tension power transmission is so large tl-iat it is impossible to give more than a rPsumk of the subject within the compass of this work. The first three chapters are devoted to a brief discussion of the salient principles involved in the construction and operation of the hydraulic end of high-tension generating plants. Elementary mathematics is employed, and frequent reference has been made to the classic of Merriman, Hydraulics. y In the chapters on generators and the laws in olved in transmission, the treatment is rather succinct, and presup poses a knowledge of alternating currents and polyphase machinery. The art is undergoing such a rapid evolution that the author will warmly appreciate any suggestions from readers on improvements i11 apparatus treated since the material was prepared. To those manufacturers who have courteously given information on, and loaned electrotypes of, their apparatus, the author desires to express his hearty thanks. PAGE 11.4. Read .-several curves of an ISSO-k. w. machine. E I . Kead IAGE 208. Keacl u b five kilovolts, fifty kilovolts. PAGE 2 5 8 . - Three kilovolts should read b thirty kilovolts. IAGE 317. Onlit per annum, second line from bottom of page, PAGES 3 2 2 , 3 2 3 , 324. All values expressed in kilovolts should read ten times larger thus, four kilovolts should be forty kilovolts, five kilovolts should be fifty kilovolts. etc. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. LAWS O F HYDRAULIC . . S . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . I 111. HYDRAULIMCA CHINES A ND ACCESSORAYP PARATU . . S . , . . 6 IV. GENERA ORS, S WITCHE A S N , D PROTECTIVDEE VICE . S . . . . 109 VI. THE T RANSMISSI L O I N N E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . , . . 178 VII. TRANSFORMERS. .. ... . .. .. .. . ... .. .. .... ... . ... .. .... . 239 VIII. MOTORS.. . . . .. . . . ... .. . ... ... .. . .. .. . .. .. ... ... .... 266 XI. DISTINCTIVFEE ATURE O S R PROMINEN L T O NG-DISTANCE LONG-DISTANCE ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION CHAPTER I LAWS OF HYDRAULICS THE energy of water is usually expressed in two ways nanlely, potential energy and kinetic energy. Water weighing W pounds raised to a height h contains an amount of otentiale nergy equal to the product of the two com ponents, thus, WA Potential energy...