Researches On Cellulose IV. (1910-1921) - (Volume IV. Of The Series 'Cross And Bevan')

PREFACE. IN this volume we have shaped our basis of constructive criticism to meet the rapidly changing aspect of the section of science included in the comprehensive term Cellulose. We review a period of eleven years a period of great scientific development coupled with the intensive technical output occasioned by the war. The authorship will remind our readers of the death of Edward J. Bevan, who, for forty years, took part in the research work upon which the previous volumes were .. f . o unded. I . . , c . . . We have in view the task of re-writing the original volume Cellulose, 1895, but still defer the ndertaking pending a more definite general agreement upon the fundamental aspect of Constitution, which, we have to admit, is still a problem, as the contents of this volume endeavour to show. In the meantime, this critical survey is a record of progress and, with the preceding volumes, an adumbration of the comprehensive Text-book, which in due time will replace the work of 1895 which, though now ancient, is. not entirely out of date. We have to express our thanks and acknowledgments to the following publishing societies, and to the authors of papers, for permission to reproduce the diagrams and illustrations which we have given to the Royal Society for Fig. I and the photographs on Plate I. W. L. Balls and Plate 11. W. Robinson to the Biochemical Society for the photographs on v Plate IV. to the Chemical Society for the curves shown in Pig. 4 to the Society of Dyers and Colourists for the photograph on Plate I. a and Pig. 3 S. 1. Lewis and also for Fig. I 2 and finally to the Manchester Literary and Philosoplrical Society for allowing us to reproduce the paper of H. E. IVilliams with its illustrations also to Courtaulds Ltd. and Mr. S. S. Napper Research Chemist for permission to publish the note of researches on specific voluzles, PI. 22-30. e are further indebted to our friend, Mr. J. 1. Liriggs, for the preparation of the Indcx. C. F. CROSS, C. UOK E, 3 Sew Court, C henlistrp Department, 1-incoins Inn, W. C. Horougll Polytechnic Institute, S. E. CONTENTS Chap. 1. eneral . 11. Physical Properties and Relationships . I1 I. Systematic Cheil istrp-Constit ution . IV. Cellulose as an Organic Cnnlplex . 1. Osycellulosc and Hydrocellulose . VI. I . ig loccllulosus and J, ignonc VII. cllulose Industries t nd lecl nolog . Index of Authol-s . Index of Suljjects . LIST OF PLATES Plate 1.0 face page I. I l luorescent power of bleached linen in terms of that of a cream wove s. f. paper p. 37 h Cotton fuzz-hairs, thirtjr-sixth day . J5 11. Sections through zone of failure of spruce wood . 19 111. Hydration process a the first stage h the same it1 polarized light c second stage . t 04 IV. lotton fibres shoiring bacterial attack under S-el ling test X 45. 1 Nornrnl fibres 6 Attack of n streptotlr ix L Attack of a schizo-1n cete . . 2 2 1 INTRODUCTION THE series of Researches, of which this is the fourth, are intended as supplements to the original volume on Cellulose 1895. It was then recognised that the subject was in active growth, and from the present retrospect it is seen to have been phenomenal. This is sufficiently evidenced by the well-known text-book of C. Schwalbe, Die Chemie der Cellulose . I g I I, and by the more recently published monograph of E. C. Worden, The Technology of Cellulose Esters I 92 I, with a bibliography recording the research work of 5 5,000 investigators...