Pennsylvania Dutch: A Dialect of South German With an Infusion of English

CONTENTS.

I. People, History, Location, Condition

II. Phonology

§ 1. Use of the Alphabet

§ 2. Vowels

§ 3. Dipthongs

§ 4. Nasal Vowels and Dipthongs

§ 5. Consonants

§ 6. Stein or Schtein?

§ 7. Vowel changes

§ 8. Dipthong changes

§ 9. Words lengthened

§ 10. Words shortened

III. Vocabulary (of peculiar words)

IV. Gender

§ 1. Gender of English Words in Pennsylvania German

§ 2. The German Genders

V. § 1. The English Infusion

§ 2. Newspapers

VI. Syntax

VII. Comparisons with other Dialects

§ 1. PG. not Swiss, PG. Poem

§ 2. PG. not Bavarian. Specimen, with PG. translation

§ 3. PG. not Suabian, Curious colloquy

§ 4. PG. not Alsatian, German-French example

§ 5. PG. is akin to several South German Dialects

VIII. Examples of PG.

§ 1. Wiider aa?geschmiirt! (Prose)

§ 2. Wii kummt ?? (Prose)

§ 3. Will widd'r Biiw?li sei? (Verse)

§ 4. Anglicised German (Prose)

IX. English influenced by German

§ 1. German words introduced

§ 2. Family names modified

X. Imperfect English

§ 1. Broken English

§ 2. The Breitmann Ballads