Distinction in Biology / chibala, che

This book is intended for high school candidates sitting for the General certificate of Education Examinations, all those interested in learning the general principles of biology and for teachers of biology as a revision package .................................... It has been well researched to inculcate the very basic principles of biology in the simplest terms as to help in understanding the subject for any person at various levels.It has been referred to as the “Silver Bullet” by some candidates who have seen the result s of using this simple book and surely will ward any candidate a distinction. No more need to worry about the examination as you now have a reliably companion to show you the way through with flying colors.ORGANISMS AND LIFE PROCESSES Identify the characteristics of living organisms. The characteristics of living organisms are .................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLSCELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION MICROSCOPES A microscope is a device that produces a magnified image of the structure that is too small to be seen by our naked eye. DIFFUSION AND OSMOSISDescribe the processes of diffusion and osmosis (i) Diffusion: This is movement of solutes into and out of the cell down the concentration gradient. (The difference in concentration between a region with a high concentration of molecules and region of low concentration of molecules) ENZYMESDescribe the characteristics of Enzymes. Most of them are protein in nature. NUTRIENTSA nutrient is a chemical or substance that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow. DISEASES DUE TO NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCYKWASHIORKOR This disease is caused by lack of proteins in the diet. It is common in children who mainly feed on carbohydrates .................NUTRITION IN PLANTSDescribe the external and internal structure of a leafExternal parts of the leaf and their functions: SAPROPHYTIC NUTRITIONInvestigate the structure of Rhizopus or MucorNUTRITION IN ANIMALS Describe the internal structure and function of the human toothInternal Structure of a ToothRESPIRATORY SYSTEMDescribe the respiratory organs of animals Respiratory organs of an insect HEALTHDescribe what good health is? Good health is the physical, mental and social well-being .It is dependent on receiving a balanced diet and an appropriate physical and mental activity. Define disease. Disease is the loss of health resulting from disturbances of the normal processes of the body........................................................... Explain the effects and importance of diffusion and osmosis in living organisms Effects of Osmosis in Animals When an animal cell such as a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it gains water by osmosis. This is as a result of the water potential of the hypotonic solution being higher inside the cell than outside the cell. Eventually the cell swells up and bursts. The bursting of an animal cell due to osmotic gain of water is called cell lysis. An animal cell which is placed in a hypertonic solution loses water by osmosis because the water potential inside the cell is higher than the water potential of the hypertonic solution. This leads to shrinking and crinkling/wrinkling of an animal cell. This is a condition called crenation. Osmotic loss of water by animal tissues leads to dehydration of the animal. The following diagrams illustrate cell lysis and crenation. Cell lysis and crenation in a red blood cellWater is essential for life. We need water for a number of reasons: For the body to make cells and fluids such as tears, digestive juices and breast milk For the body to make sweat for cooling itself For essential body processes — most take place in water. For keeping the lining of the mouth, intestine, eyelids and lungs wet and healthy For the product ........................................................
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