Mezzanine Capital in Europe: With Special Emphasis on Capital Structure

Diplomarbeit, die am 15.10.2002 erfolgreich an einer Universität in Österreich im Fachbereich Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften eingereicht wurde. Abstract: In corporate finance two major decisions have to be made. One is the investment decision which means companies must decide which available opportunities they should invest in. The other one, the financing decision, also known as the capital structure decision, tries to answer the question of from where the money to finance investment projects should come. Money can either be raised internally, through retained earnings, or externally. Mezzanine capital, as a special type of external finance, therefore falls into the area of the financing decision. Although the use of mezzanine capital has increased in Europe in recent years, this special type of finance is still relatively unknown in some countries. Therefore, the purpose of my thesis is to familiarise the reader with this particular type of finance. It is structured in a way that it sequentially deals with the following questions: How did mezzanine develop? Can it offer an advantage compared to financing only with debt and equity? Which basic types of mezzanine instruments exist and how are they valued? When and where is mezzanine used? At the end, an example of a management buy-out in which mezzanine is used is provided. This will give important insights into the practical use of multiples to structure the deal, the mezzanine investment process, the investment criteria and the various exit routes that exist. The paper will be concluded with an overview on the European mezzanine landscape and on how recent stock market developments and the new Basel capital accord (Basel II) may impact the future of mezzanine capital. Special terminology or important information that is used in the private equity area is written in bold letters if mentioned for the first time in the text. The issue of a convertible promissory note to raise funds to buil...