COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Introduction Number representation; Fixed and floating point number representation, IEEE standard for floating point representation, Error detection and correction codes : Hamming code. Digital computer generation, Computer types and classifications, Functional units and their interconnections, Buses, Bus architecture, Types of buses and bus arbitration. Register, Bus and memory transfer. Central Processing Unit Addition and subtraction of signed numbers, Look ahead carry adders, Multiplication : Signed operand multiplication, Booths algorithm and array multiplier. Division and logic operations. Floating point arithmetic operation. Processor organization, General register organization, Stack organization and addressing modes. Control Unit Instruction types, Formats, Instruction cycles and subcycles (fetch and execute etc.), Micro-operations, Execution of a complete instruction. Hardwire and microprogrammed control : Microprogramme sequencing, Wide branch addressing, Microinstruction with next address field, Pre-fetching microinstructions, Concept of horizontal and vertical microprogramming. Memory Basic concept and hierarchy, Semiconductor RAM memories, 2D and 2 1/2D memory organization. ROM memories. Cache memories : Concept and design issues (performance, address mapping and replacement). Auxiliary memories : Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape and optical disks. Virtual memory : Concept implementation. Input/Output Peripheral devices, I/O interface, I/O ports, Interrupts : Interrupt hardware, Types of interrupts and exceptions. Modes of data transfer : Programmed I/O, Interrupt initiated I/O and direct memory access, I/O channels and processors. Serial communication : Synchronous and asynchronous communication, Standard communication interfaces.