OPTICAL & MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

Introduction to OFC and its Components Basic block diagram of Optical Fiber Communication system, Overview of OFC, Advantages of optical fibers over co-axial cables, Basic principles, Types of fibers, Fiber materials, Fiber fabrication (double crucible method) and their mechanical properties, Fiber cable, Basics of construction and characteristics of light sources (LED and LASER), Light detectors (PIN and APD), Numericals based on above topics. Signal Degradation in Optical Fiber Various degradation mechanisms : Attenuation, Distortion, Pulse broadening in GI fibers, Mode coupling, Coupling losses, Material dispersion (Intermodel and Intramodel dispersion), Concept of fiber splicing, Coupling methods and their losses, OTDR (Principles, concepts & applications), Numericals based on above topics. FOC System Analog : Overview of analog links, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Multichannel transmission technique. Digital : Point-to-point links, System consideration, Link power budget, Rise time budget, Correlation of concept of line coding and error correction for optical fiber, Principle of Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Passive components, Optical amplifier, Optical networks : SONET/SDH, Photonic switching and sensor applications, Numericals based on above topics. Microwave Waveguides and Components Rectangular waveguide, Modes (TE and TM), Excitation of modes, Power transmission and losses, Microwave cavity resonator, Waveguide Tees (E, H, Magic), Circulators, Isolators, Bends, Twists, Matched termination, Attenuators, Phase shifters,Co-axial to waveguide transitions, Microwave filters, Concepts of scattering parameters, S-matrix of above components, Numericals based on above topics. Microwave Tubes Introduction to conventional vacuum tubes (Triode, Tetrode, Pentode), High frequency limitations, Klystrons (multicavity, reflex) : Velocity modulation, Bunching process, applications, TWT : Slow-wave structure, Wave modes, Gain and applications, Magnetron oscillator, Types, Numericals based on above topics. Microwave Solid-State Devices Principle of operation, Construction, Characteristics, Parameters with analysis of microwave transistor, Varactor diode, Tunnel, PIN diode, Gunn diode, Construction and applications of strip line, Introduction to terrestrial microwave link and its applications.