Use of an ESP cover story facilitates reinforcement without awareness.(extrasensory perception): An article from: The Psychological Record
Book Details
Author(s)Lewis A. Bizo, Nicola Sweeney
PublisherPsychological Record
ISBN / ASINB000975SOW
ISBN-13978B000975SO3
AvailabilityAvailable for download now
MarketplaceUnited States 🇺🇸
Description
This digital document is an article from The Psychological Record, published by Psychological Record on January 1, 2005. The length of the article is 3383 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
From the author: Participants were exposed to 3 conditions in a between-groups design. Participants were told the experiment was about extrasensory perception and were asked to select the word from a pair of words that they thought the experimenter was thinking about. In 1 condition selections of the word with a double letter were reinforced with positive verbal feedback, and in another condition selections of nondouble letters were reinforced. The word selections of a control group were reinforced according to a random and predetermined order. By the end of the experimental session, participants who were reinforced for selecting a particular type of word, double letter or nondouble letter, selected that word significantly more than the alternative that was not associated with reinforcement and those participants in the control group selected the double-letter and nondouble-letter words equally often. In a postexperimental questionnaire none of the participants reported an awareness of the contingency. The present experiment replicates and extends previous work and confirms that participants' behavior can be modified by reinforcement without the participants' conscious awareness of the contingency.
Citation Details
Title: Use of an ESP cover story facilitates reinforcement without awareness.(extrasensory perception)
Author: Lewis A. Bizo
Publication:The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2005
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 55 Issue: 1 Page: 115(9)
Distributed by Thomson Gale
From the author: Participants were exposed to 3 conditions in a between-groups design. Participants were told the experiment was about extrasensory perception and were asked to select the word from a pair of words that they thought the experimenter was thinking about. In 1 condition selections of the word with a double letter were reinforced with positive verbal feedback, and in another condition selections of nondouble letters were reinforced. The word selections of a control group were reinforced according to a random and predetermined order. By the end of the experimental session, participants who were reinforced for selecting a particular type of word, double letter or nondouble letter, selected that word significantly more than the alternative that was not associated with reinforcement and those participants in the control group selected the double-letter and nondouble-letter words equally often. In a postexperimental questionnaire none of the participants reported an awareness of the contingency. The present experiment replicates and extends previous work and confirms that participants' behavior can be modified by reinforcement without the participants' conscious awareness of the contingency.
Citation Details
Title: Use of an ESP cover story facilitates reinforcement without awareness.(extrasensory perception)
Author: Lewis A. Bizo
Publication:The Psychological Record (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2005
Publisher: Psychological Record
Volume: 55 Issue: 1 Page: 115(9)
Distributed by Thomson Gale
