Experimental evaluation of a feedback-reinforcement model for dyadic ESP.: An article from: The Journal of Parapsychology
Book Details
Author(s)
Paul Stevens
Publisher
Parapsychology Press
ISBN / ASIN
B000ALQ6E8
ISBN-13
978B000ALQ6E6
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This digital document is an article from The Journal of Parapsychology, published by Parapsychology Press on March 22, 2004. The length of the article is 8591 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
From the author: A model for certain instances of dyadic extrasensory perception (ESP) is proposed wherein a "psi stimulus" is generated by a sender in response to real-time feedback of target-relevant receiver mentation. This stimulus need act only to reinforce current mentation by momentarily changing physiological arousal, reducing the need for complex information transfer, and highlighting the idea that psi may be a blanket term for a variety of information channels utilising different mechanisms rather than a unitary phenomenon. Experimental evaluation of the model involved two extensions to the standard ganzfeld design: (1) in one condition the sender received false feedback of receiver mentation; (2) receiver skin-conductance was recorded during mentation. No evidence of ESP was found based on target-rank (pi = .49) but the predicted skin-conductance response to target-relevant mentation was observed, with significantly higher arousal for relevant mentation than in baseline periods (p = .04, one-tailed). Arousal was increased in both conditions, indicating a response to the sender's perception rather than directly to target-relevant mentation. The true-feedback condition showed a surprising negative correlation with magnetic variance (p = .06 but opposite to prediction), and only the false-feedback condition showed the predicted negative correlation with magnetic field intensity (p = .002 one-tailed.
Citation Details
Title: Experimental evaluation of a feedback-reinforcement model for dyadic ESP.
Author: Paul Stevens
Publication:The Journal of Parapsychology (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 2004
Publisher: Parapsychology Press
Volume: 68 Issue: 1 Page: 65(27)
Distributed by Thomson Gale
From the author: A model for certain instances of dyadic extrasensory perception (ESP) is proposed wherein a "psi stimulus" is generated by a sender in response to real-time feedback of target-relevant receiver mentation. This stimulus need act only to reinforce current mentation by momentarily changing physiological arousal, reducing the need for complex information transfer, and highlighting the idea that psi may be a blanket term for a variety of information channels utilising different mechanisms rather than a unitary phenomenon. Experimental evaluation of the model involved two extensions to the standard ganzfeld design: (1) in one condition the sender received false feedback of receiver mentation; (2) receiver skin-conductance was recorded during mentation. No evidence of ESP was found based on target-rank (pi = .49) but the predicted skin-conductance response to target-relevant mentation was observed, with significantly higher arousal for relevant mentation than in baseline periods (p = .04, one-tailed). Arousal was increased in both conditions, indicating a response to the sender's perception rather than directly to target-relevant mentation. The true-feedback condition showed a surprising negative correlation with magnetic variance (p = .06 but opposite to prediction), and only the false-feedback condition showed the predicted negative correlation with magnetic field intensity (p = .002 one-tailed.
Citation Details
Title: Experimental evaluation of a feedback-reinforcement model for dyadic ESP.
Author: Paul Stevens
Publication:The Journal of Parapsychology (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 2004
Publisher: Parapsychology Press
Volume: 68 Issue: 1 Page: 65(27)
Distributed by Thomson Gale
