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Role of cyanobacteria in oil biodegradation by microbial mats [An article from: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation]
Book Details
PublisherElsevier
ISBN / ASINB000PC0CL0
ISBN-13978B000PC0CL2
AvailabilityAvailable for download now
MarketplaceUnited States 🇺🇸
Description
This digital document is a journal article from International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
There is evidence that microbial mats are able to degrade petroleum components in polluted environments, but it is still a matter of discussion whether cyanobacteria from these mats participate actively in hydrocarbon biodegradation. In this work, we attempt to evaluate whether cyanobacteria can grow using crude oil as the sole carbon source. We used an illuminated continuous packed-column reactor filled with perlite soaked with crude oil. Our reactor did not contain inorganic carbon, and to rule out possible growth of cyanobacteria on CO"2 produced from the degradation of oil by heterotrophic bacteria, oxygen tension was kept low, at around 5% of air saturation. Different microorganisms grew attached to the column filling at the expense of petroleum under microaerophilic conditions. The experiment lasted 78 days, but cell numbers in the effluent increased progressively during the first 10 days until reaching a stable value. We investigated the diversity of the biofilm with molecular tools (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, clone library), using 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal primers and 18S rRNA eukaryotic primers for amplification. No archaeal amplification was observed. On the other hand, we detected the presence of bacteria belonging to different groups, mainly to the alpha and gamma proteobacteria, to the chlorobi, and to the low G+C gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the biofilm included an organism closely related to the diatom Navicula cryptocephala. However, cyanobacteria were not able to grow utilizing hydrocarbons as carbon source. Measurements of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography before and after the experiment showed that microbial growth probably occurred at the expense of the fraction being leached.
Description:
There is evidence that microbial mats are able to degrade petroleum components in polluted environments, but it is still a matter of discussion whether cyanobacteria from these mats participate actively in hydrocarbon biodegradation. In this work, we attempt to evaluate whether cyanobacteria can grow using crude oil as the sole carbon source. We used an illuminated continuous packed-column reactor filled with perlite soaked with crude oil. Our reactor did not contain inorganic carbon, and to rule out possible growth of cyanobacteria on CO"2 produced from the degradation of oil by heterotrophic bacteria, oxygen tension was kept low, at around 5% of air saturation. Different microorganisms grew attached to the column filling at the expense of petroleum under microaerophilic conditions. The experiment lasted 78 days, but cell numbers in the effluent increased progressively during the first 10 days until reaching a stable value. We investigated the diversity of the biofilm with molecular tools (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, clone library), using 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal primers and 18S rRNA eukaryotic primers for amplification. No archaeal amplification was observed. On the other hand, we detected the presence of bacteria belonging to different groups, mainly to the alpha and gamma proteobacteria, to the chlorobi, and to the low G+C gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the biofilm included an organism closely related to the diatom Navicula cryptocephala. However, cyanobacteria were not able to grow utilizing hydrocarbons as carbon source. Measurements of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography before and after the experiment showed that microbial growth probably occurred at the expense of the fraction being leached.
