Desalination of brackish groundwater: the concentrate dilemma [An article from: Desalination]

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Description:
Vitens uses ground water from deep confined aquifers as one of her drinking water sources. These sources have an excellent raw water quality due to the absence of anthropogenic contaminants. However, the wells are susceptible for upconing of brackish groundwater. As a result several wells had to be abandoned leading to a reduced production capacity. Recently the 'fresh holder' concept was introduced by Kiwa Water Research to solve this problem. It is not clear yet if this concept is allowed and if there are any technical problems. In order to investigate both the technical and political implications of the described concept a demonstration project is set up near the city of Deventer. The first step is to see whether the required permits can be obtained. Since this is a new application, the discussion with the authorities will be started in an early stage.