Exposure of caged mussels to metals in a primary-treated municipal wastewater plume [An article from: Chemosphere]

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Description:
The biological availability of metals in municipal wastewater effluents is strongly influenced by the physical and chemical conditions of both the effluent and the receiving water. Aquatic organisms are exposed to both dissolved and particulate (food ingestion) forms of these metals. In the present study, the distribution of metals in specific tissues was used to distinguish between exposure routes (i.e. dissolved vs. particulate phase) and to examine metal bioavailability in mussels exposed to municipal effluents. Caged Elliptio complanata mussels were deployed at sites located between 1.5km upstream and 12km downstream of a major effluent outfall in the St. Lawrence River. Metals in surface water samples were fractionated by filtration techniques to determine their dissolved, truly-dissolved (