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Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan [An article from: Journal of Environmental Management]
Book Details
PublisherElsevier
ISBN / ASINB000RR7M6G
ISBN-13978B000RR7M63
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Description
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Environmental Management, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
Spatial variations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated for distribution of metals and particle size fractions in the urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. The metals Na, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co, and the particle fractions 100@mm were included in the study. TSP samples were trapped on glass fibre filters using high volume samplers and quantification of metals was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry employing HNO"3 based wet digestion. At the urban site, Na was dominant at 2.384@mg/m^3 followed by K, Fe and Zn with 0.778, 0.667 and 0.567@mg/m^3 as mean concentrations, respectively. The metal levels for the rural site ranged from 0.002@mg/m^3 for Cd to 1.077@mg/m^3 for Na. However, compared with the urban site, mean Pb concentration showed an almost two-fold enhancement, i.e., 0.163 Vs. 0.327@mg/m^3. Metals and particle size source identification was done using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Five sources were traced out for the urban site: industrial, soil, automobile emissions, metallurgical industries and excavation activities. For the rural site, four sources were recorded: agricultural, automotive emissions, excavation activities and metallurgical units. Collectively, for both the sites, PM"1"0"-"1"0"0 emerged as a major contributor to TSP, followed by PM"2"."5"-"1"0, PM""1"0"0 in that order. The metals showed in general positive relationship with fine particulate fractions (PM"2"."5"-"1"0, PM""1"0"0). Comparison with the corresponding data from various Asian sites revealed that the levels of Na, K, Fe, Mn, Co and Ni for the present study were lower than those reported for grossly polluted cities of the world.
Description:
Spatial variations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated for distribution of metals and particle size fractions in the urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. The metals Na, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co, and the particle fractions 100@mm were included in the study. TSP samples were trapped on glass fibre filters using high volume samplers and quantification of metals was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry employing HNO"3 based wet digestion. At the urban site, Na was dominant at 2.384@mg/m^3 followed by K, Fe and Zn with 0.778, 0.667 and 0.567@mg/m^3 as mean concentrations, respectively. The metal levels for the rural site ranged from 0.002@mg/m^3 for Cd to 1.077@mg/m^3 for Na. However, compared with the urban site, mean Pb concentration showed an almost two-fold enhancement, i.e., 0.163 Vs. 0.327@mg/m^3. Metals and particle size source identification was done using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Five sources were traced out for the urban site: industrial, soil, automobile emissions, metallurgical industries and excavation activities. For the rural site, four sources were recorded: agricultural, automotive emissions, excavation activities and metallurgical units. Collectively, for both the sites, PM"1"0"-"1"0"0 emerged as a major contributor to TSP, followed by PM"2"."5"-"1"0, PM""1"0"0 in that order. The metals showed in general positive relationship with fine particulate fractions (PM"2"."5"-"1"0, PM""1"0"0). Comparison with the corresponding data from various Asian sites revealed that the levels of Na, K, Fe, Mn, Co and Ni for the present study were lower than those reported for grossly polluted cities of the world.
