The Speleo-guide

From Introduction: "Men have always been fascinated by the subterranean world of caves. Down through history, his curiosity and ingenuity has been rewarded with the surreal beauty and adventure found only underground. Vast cavern networks and geologic mysteries have been revealed to those willing to venture into this world. Cave exploration or 'Spelunking' has become an increasingly popular recreation for thousands of people throughout the world. Modern techniques allow one to safely enjoy the wonders and adventures of a cave. It is the purpose of this manual to enumerate and clarify some of these techniques as they are used in American caving. It is hoped that the reader will gain an understanding of the procedures and practices, thus allowing himself to feel more at ease and enjoy his caving. This manual, however, is not intended as a substitute for skilled instruction and practice. Both are needed before one should attempt any caving activities. Of course, there will be certain areas of detail beyond the scope of this manual. These will be noted and other sources of detailed information will be cited. The approach I have taken is, hopefully, a practical one. In many cases I have only my own experience to draw on. The techniques and equipment described have proven themselves in many situations, however one's own ability to cope with changing situations will be most important to the safety and enjoyment of his caving. Lastly, I cannot overemphasize conservation of the cave environment. The conditions allowing cave development are relatively scarce, requiring strict conservation if they are to be enjoyed by present and future generations."