Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Summary Science Report Volume II Earth Observations and Photography
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Description
International cooperation was the keynote of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. During
the 3 years after the project was officially initiated by a U.S.-U.S.S.R. agreement on
May 24,1972, the great effort in coordination, communication, and integration culminated
in the highly successful flight from July 15 to 24,1975. The 9-day flight marked
the first time that manned spacecraft of two nations met in space for joint engineering
and scientific investigations.
The principal objective of the project was to develop a compatible docking system
and rendezvous and crew transfer procedures that might be appropriate for future international
manned space missions. Another important objective was the program of
scientific investigations conducted during the mission. A science program was planned
by NASA that made abundant use of the experiment opportunities afforded by the
mission parameters and spacecraft capabilities.
In addition to five joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. experiments, the Apollo crewmen conducted
23 unilateral experiments. Two of these were provided by the Federal Republic of Germany
- a further illustration of the international scope of the mission. Not only was
scientific research served by this mission, but worldwide space-science awareness was
promoted through extensive home television broadcasting and filming of flight experimentation
and in-flight science demonstrations.
Volume I of this report discusses all the experiments except the Earth Observations
and Photography Experiment. It provides detailed descriptions of the scientific concepts,
experiment design and operation, and the scientific results of a year of postflight
data analysis.
This document (Volume 11) is devoted to the Earth Observations and Photography
Experiment. To meet the objectives of this experiment, the U.S. crewmembers made
visual observations and obtained photographs of the Earth. The team of investigators
included scientists from several countries and from various fields of Earth science.
Earth observations from space rely primarily on the training of crewmembers as
scientific observers. The spectrum of conducted observations and the usefulness of the
documentary photographs attest to the effectiveness of "trained observers in space" as
data gatherers. The scientific value of this experiment will contribute significantly to
the planning of similar endeavors in future space flights.
the 3 years after the project was officially initiated by a U.S.-U.S.S.R. agreement on
May 24,1972, the great effort in coordination, communication, and integration culminated
in the highly successful flight from July 15 to 24,1975. The 9-day flight marked
the first time that manned spacecraft of two nations met in space for joint engineering
and scientific investigations.
The principal objective of the project was to develop a compatible docking system
and rendezvous and crew transfer procedures that might be appropriate for future international
manned space missions. Another important objective was the program of
scientific investigations conducted during the mission. A science program was planned
by NASA that made abundant use of the experiment opportunities afforded by the
mission parameters and spacecraft capabilities.
In addition to five joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. experiments, the Apollo crewmen conducted
23 unilateral experiments. Two of these were provided by the Federal Republic of Germany
- a further illustration of the international scope of the mission. Not only was
scientific research served by this mission, but worldwide space-science awareness was
promoted through extensive home television broadcasting and filming of flight experimentation
and in-flight science demonstrations.
Volume I of this report discusses all the experiments except the Earth Observations
and Photography Experiment. It provides detailed descriptions of the scientific concepts,
experiment design and operation, and the scientific results of a year of postflight
data analysis.
This document (Volume 11) is devoted to the Earth Observations and Photography
Experiment. To meet the objectives of this experiment, the U.S. crewmembers made
visual observations and obtained photographs of the Earth. The team of investigators
included scientists from several countries and from various fields of Earth science.
Earth observations from space rely primarily on the training of crewmembers as
scientific observers. The spectrum of conducted observations and the usefulness of the
documentary photographs attest to the effectiveness of "trained observers in space" as
data gatherers. The scientific value of this experiment will contribute significantly to
the planning of similar endeavors in future space flights.
