The Neutron Dripline For Each Element Remains Very Close To The Apex Of SCALE

SCALE is a scientific instrument to read the nuclear properties of the chemical elements.A scientific discovery leads to the invention of this instrument.Structure and design of SCALE are based on the empirical relationship.In the case of Stable/Long-lived isotopes of the elements,a clear nuclear stability pattern is found.A straight line is achieved.With the help of single coefficient,the nuclear masses of Stable/Long-lived isotopes of the elements are determined.An empirical law is discovered.Structure and design of this instrument are developed to show the Line of Nuclear Stability and prove this relationship.In this process,the maximum value of mass depicted at the apex of Comparative Side of SCALE shows the remarkable result.This value of mass is very close to the nuclear mass of isotope that remains near the Neutron Dripline of the element.Thus,the Line of Stability and the location close to the Neutron Dripline can be seen at the same time on the Comparative Side of SCALE.
The experimental and evaluated data of authentic sources(i.e., NNDC, BNL; Radiochemistry Society; LBNL;The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties,etc)are used to verify the results.
As per the empirical evidence,the isotopes(far from the stability zone)having half-life of about one millisecond(ms), remain on the verge of existence(in the case of elements lighter than Pu). For example,see the half-life trend among the isotopes that remain near(or at)the dripline of the element:
(carbon-22; 6.2 ms . carbon-20; 16 ms . carbon-19; 46.2 ms), (oxygen-24; 65 ms . oxygen-23; 82 ms .oxygen-22; 2.2 s), (boron-19; 2.9 ms . boron-17; 5.1 ms .boron-15; 9.9 ms), (sulfur-48; 10 ms . sulfur-47; 20 ms . sulfur-46; 50 ms .sulfur-45; 68 ms), (protactinium-214; 17 ms . protactinium-216; 105 ms), (sodium-20; 448 ms .sodium-21; 22.5 s), (lutetium-155; 68.6 ms . lutetium-156; 494 ms . lutetium-157; 6.8 s).
The isotope(having half-life of 1 ms )helps us confirm the Neutron Dripline for the element.
The location(the apex of Comparative Side of SCALE)depicts the half-life of isotope close to one millisecond as per the half-life trend found among the neutron rich isotopes of the element.For illustration,see the isotope of the element fixed at the apex of SCALE and the chain of heavier isotopes of this element.
THE ISOTOPE FIXED AT THE APEX OF SCALE(The Half-life trend among the neutron rich isotopes of this element given inside this bracket):
Sulfur-49 (sulfur-48; 10 ms . sulfur-47; 20 ms . sulfur-46; 50 ms . sulfur-45; 68 ms).
Titanium-65 (titanium-63; 3 ms .titanium-61; 10 ms . titanium-59; 30 ms . titanium-58; 54 ms . titanium-56; 164 ms).
Cobalt-79 (cobalt-73; 41 ms . cobalt-72; 62 ms . cobalt-71; 97 ms).
Arsenic-100 (arsenic-89; 200 ms . arsenic-88; 300 ms . arsenic-87; 0.56 s . arsenic-86; 0.945 s).
Rubidium-108 (rubidium-102; 37 ms . rubidium-98; 114 ms . rubidium-97; 170 ms . rubidium-96; 203 ms).
Cadmium-141(cadmium-132; 97 ms . cadmium-130; 162 ms . cadmium-129; 242 ms).
Tin-147 (tin-137; 190 ms . tin-136; 250 ms . tin-135; 530 ms).
Barium-164 (barium-152; 100 ms . barium-150; 300 ms . barium-149; 344 ms . barium-148; 612 ms).
Promethium-179 (promethium-163; 200 ms . promethium-161; 700 ms . promethium-158; 4.8 s).
Erbium-199 (erbium-177; 3 s . erbium-176; 20 s . erbium-175; 72 s).
Gold-232 (gold-205; 31 s . gold-204; 40 s . gold-203; 53 s).
Berkelium-284 (berkelium-254; 1 min. berkelium-253; 10 min. berkelium-251; 56 min).
Ununseptium-343.
In the case of heavier synthetic elements,SCALE is used as a Marker to identify which Compound Nuclei are involved in the Hot Fusion Reactions or which Compound Nuclei are involved in the Cold Fusion Reactions.The IPR process has been completed for this work.
This new book is the result of revised edition.Some corrections are made.You have read the previous book "SCALE To Fix the Heaviest Isotope Of Any Chemical Element".