Advances in the dyeing and finishing of technical textiles: 7. Softening treatments for technical textiles (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

Touch or handle is an important aspect of textile evaluation. Technical textiles, in particular, are subjected to several processing and finishing operations which may make the material harsh or brittle. Softening is, therefore, an important last-step process requirement in such applications. Selection of a suitable compatible softening treatment is critical, otherwise the softener itself may impair the functionality of a technical product. This chapter discusses the mechanical, enzymatic and chemical methods of softening available to a processor, with a greater focus on the chemical methods as they are the most frequently used. Specific requirements of softening technical textiles such as medical, easy care, flame retardant, stain repellent and stain resistant and printed textiles are discussed. The effects of softener application on the physical properties, colour, whiteness, handle and flammability of textiles are also included. The environmental impact of softeners and the objective methods used for measurement of softness are also discussed in detail.