Justificatory Liberalism: An Essay on Epistemology and Political Theory (Oxford Political Theory)

Gerald Gaus draws on current work in epistemology and cognitive psychology to defend a modest version of cognitive relativism. Building on this theory of personal justification, he asks, "How do we justify moral and political principles to others?" Here, the "populist" proposal put forward by "political liberals"--that the assent of all reasonable citizens must be obtained--is considered and rejected. Because reasonable people often ignore excellent reasons, moral and political principles can be considered conclusively justified, even in the face of some reasonable dissent. Conclusive justification, however, is difficult to achieve, and Gaus acknowledges that most of our public justifications are inconclusive. He then addresses the question of how citizens can adjudicate their inconclusive public justifications. The rule of law, liberal democracy and limited judicial review are defended as elements of a publicly justified umpiring procedure.

• On the People's Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy (The Seeley Lectures)
• The Elements of Justice
• The Order of Public Reason: A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World
• Public Reason and Political Community (Bloomsbury Research in Political Philosophy)
• Spheres Of Justice: A Defense Of Pluralism And Equality
• Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
• How Propaganda Works
• The Tyranny of the Ideal: Justice in a Diverse Society