Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory

This book presents the corrected and first complete translation from Swedish of Heckscher's 1919 article on foreign trade - "a work of genius," in the words of Paul Samuelson - as well as a translation from Swedish of Ohlin's 1924 Ph.D. dissertation, the main source of the now famous Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. Ohlin's model of the international economy is astonishingly contemporary, dealing as it does with economies of scale, factor mobility, trade barriers, nontraded goods, and balance-of-payments adjustment, among others. Much more compact than later versions of Ohlin's work, Ohlin's thesis clearly reveals the structure of his approach. In a lengthy introduction the editors trace the origins of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory from Wicksell to Heckscher and from Cassel and Heckscher to Ohlin. They compare Ohlin's version with the modern interpretations and extensions of the theory as developed by Paul Samuelson, Ronald Jones, and many other contemporary economists.

Heckscher's original article explains the impact of differences in factor endowments on intercountry income distribution and international specialization, and demonstrates that the resulting trade in mobile goods is a substitute for factor mobility in reducing factor-price differentials. His brilliant insights were propagated through the writings, in English, of his student Bertil Ohlin. Ohlin's dissertation contains virtually all of the breakthroughs that were eventually to win him, in 1977 the Nobel Prize, particularly his replacement of the century-old Ricardian labor-cost theory of comparative advantage with a multifactor general-equilibrium formulation in the tradition of Léon Walras and Gustav Cassel.