The Arctic Climate System (Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series)

The Arctic can be viewed as an integrated system, intimately linked by its atmosphere, ocean and land. This comprehensive, up-to-date assessment begins with an outline of early Arctic exploration and the growth of modern research. Using an integrated systems approach, subsequent chapters examine the atmospheric heat budget and circulation, the surface energy budget, the hydrologic cycle and interactions between the ocean, atmosphere and sea ice cover. Reviews of recent directions in numerical modeling and the characteristics of past Arctic climates cover recent climate variability as well as projected future trends.