Black Madonnas: Feminism, Religion & Politics in Italy

In the 1993 edition, I considered black madonnas a metaphor for a memory of the time when the earth was belived to be the body of woman and all creatures were equal, a memory transmitted in vernacular traditions of earth-bounded cultures, historically expressed in cultural and poltical resistance, and glimpsed today in movements aiming for transformation. Sine then my understanding of black madonnas has been deepened by genetics finding that the orgin of modern humans is Africa, that migrations from Africa carried a primordial belief in a dar woman divinity to all continents. Black madonnas and other dark women of the world suggest a metaphor for healing millennial divisions of gender and race and concerted movements for justice.