William Sites develops the concept of primitive globalization, identifying a pattern of reactive politics-ad hoc measures to subsidize business, displace the urban poor, and dismantle the welfare state-that uproots social actors (corporations, citizens, urban residents) and facilitates a damaging, short-term-oriented type of international integration. In light of this theory, Sites examines the transformation of New York City since the 1970s, focusing on the logic of political action at national, local, and neighborhood levels.
In the process, the story of late twentieth-century New York and its Lower East Side community emerges as something different: not a tale of globalist transformation or of local resurgence but a distinctly American case, one in which urban politics and the state, in their own right, exacerbate inequality and community fragmentation within the city.
William Sites is associate professor in the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago.