Applied and economic botany; especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and ... engaged in the morphological and phys

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 Excerpt: ...or calyx; or half inforior, as in the rose (Fig. 236, G), where they develop from half inferior ovaries; or superior, as in the buttercup (Fig. 223, D). A Berry is a fleshy, indehiscent fruit, the seeds of which are embedded in the sarcocarp; berries are superior when they develop free from the torus, as in belladonna (Fig. 239), capsicum, grape, etc., and inferior when the torus forms a part of the fruit, as in banana, cranberry (Fig. 244), and gooseberry (Fig. 245). A Capsule is a dry, dehiscent fruit, consisting of two or more united carpels. Dehiscence in capsules may occur in five different ways: In the castor-bean (Fig. 237, B) the carpels separate from each other along the walls or septa (dissepiments), the seeds being discharged along the ventral suture of the separated carpels, and this mode of dehiscence is called Septicidal. In mustard (Fig. Fig. 238. Capsules of poppy (Papaver somniferum), whole and in transverse and longitudinal sections, showing dissepiments and remains of radiate stigmas at the apex, which are porous and through which the seeds arc discharged, i, French capsules; 2, German capsules. 236, A) the dissepiments remain intact and dehiscence occurs along the margin of the capsule, and is therefore called Marginicidal; but as the partial carpels (or valves, as they are termed) separate from the walls or septa, the dehiscence is also known as septi-Fragal. In cardamom (Fig. 237, G) the septa as well as valves are united, and at maturity the latter separate and dehisce at points in the margin corresponding to the mid-vein of the carpel, and this form of dehiscence is known as Loculicidal. In poppy capsules (Fig. 238) there are a few openings beneath the united Fig. 230. Several forms of fruits: A, branch of Apocynum androsctmifolium s...