A grammar of the Persian language

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1894 Excerpt: ...verb is probably derived from a primitive sump-, or ww/-, ' Slm enlarged from sup. To avoid confusion with the past tense of Ijlj, I_.:..i is substituted for Llc in the aorist of that verb (cf. § 108). Verbs with double roots. §82. In two verbs the infinitive and aorist stems are, in each case, derived from totally distinct roots; e.g. Root. gam + prefix a Root. + prefix a In forming the verb dmadan, the root is first inverted (i.e. dgam-becomes dgma-), and the g is then elided. C. Veebs Which Change The Final Consonants Of Theie Roots. § 83. This class comprises those verbs which owe the apparent irregularity of their stems to the operation of certain phonetic laws; or, in other words, verbs whose roots are altered phonetically in the stems according to the final radical consonant; e.g. in contact with the t of the inf. ending--rad. ch, j, or z, is changed to hh; rad. #, or p, to /; rad. t, or d, to a; rad. h, to «; and rad. remains unaltered. And before the initial vowel of the aor. endings, the same radical letters become respectively, 2; b, or v; d, or y h; h. 1). Verbs from roots ending in ch, j, or z. § 84. The root-vowel is, in most cases, strengthened in the stems (e.g. a becomes a; i becomes e; u becomes 0). Final radical ch or /, is changed to Ich in the infinitive, and to z in the aorist stem E.g. Note 1. The inf. afrakhtan to raise', also takes the form ijxJj3 afrdshtan, which is probably a denominative from:js afrdz-, the % changing to sh before t. 2. The aorist stem of the verb JsXi to twist' is-gjj pich (archaic pech); whence the secondary (and more common) 'Vjrcu pich-i-dan (archaic pechldan). 3. pcLU nishdkhtan (aor. stem Ji), is an anomalous form of Jxjlj (v. § 86, b.). 4. A few roots 'which have or sh for the...