Protokoly kanalnogo urovnya: Ethernet, Upravlenie dostupom k srede, HDLC, 100-gigabitnyi Ethernet, TIA|EIA-568-B, Power over Ethernet, PPP (Russian Edition)

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 28. Glavy: Ethernet, Upravlenie dostupom k srede, HDLC, 100-gigabitnyĭ Ethernet, TIA/EIA-568-B, Power over Ethernet, PPP, ATA over Ethernet, Media Access Control, MAC-adres, Fast Ethernet, Kanalʹnyĭ urovenʹ, IGMP snooping, SLIP, Logical link control, Carrier Sense Multiple Access, Fizicheskoe kodirovanie, 10BASE-5, CSMA/CD, 10BASE-2, 100VG-AnyLAN, 10BASE-T, Karlik, Diametr seti, GBIC, AUI, GMII, HDBaseT, Jumbo-kadr, RGMII, NDAS, StarLAN. Vyderzhka: Ethernet (ezernet, ot angl. «efir») - paketnaya tekhnologiya peredachi dannykh pryeimushchestvenno lokalʹnykh kompʹyuternykh setyeĭ. Standarty Ethernet opredelyayut provodnye soedineniya i elektricheskie signaly na fizicheskom urovne, format kadrov i protokoly upravleniya dostupom k srede - na kanalʹnom urovne modeli OSI. Ethernet v osnovnom opisyvaet·sya standartami IEEE gruppy 802.3. Ethernet stal samoĭ rasprostranënnoĭ tekhnologiyeĭ LVS v seredine 90-kh godov proshlogo veka, vytesniv takie ustarevshie tekhnologii, kak Arcnet, FDDI i Token ring. Tekhnologiya Ethernet byla razrabotana vmeste so mnogimi pervymi proektami korporatsii Xerox PARC. Obshcheprinyato schitatʹ, chto Ethernet byl izobretën 22 maya 1973 goda, kogda Robert Metkalf (Robert Metcalfe) sostavil dokladnuyu zapisku dlya glavy PARC o potentsiale tekhnologii Ethernet. No zakonnoe pravo na tekhnologiyu Metkalf poluchil cherez neskolʹko let. V 1976 godu on i yego assistent Devid Boggs (David Boggs) izdali broshyuru pod nazvaniem «Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching For Local Computer Networks». Metkalf ushël iz Xerox v 1979 godu i osnoval kompaniyu 3Com dlya prodvizheniya kompʹyuterov i lokalʹnykh vychislitelʹnykh setyeĭ (LVS). Yemu udalosʹ ubeditʹ DEC, Intel i Xerox rabotatʹ sovmestno i razrabotatʹ standart Ethernet (DIX). Vpervye etot standart byl opublikovan 30 sentyabrya 1980 goda. On nachal sopernichestvo s dvumya krupnymi zapatentovannymi tekhnologiyami: token ring i ARCNET, - kotorye vskore byli razdavl...