Standarty W3C: HTTP, Kaskadnye tablitsy stilyei, XML, SVG, HTML, XSLT, XPath, XHTML, SPARQL, PNG, HTML5, Document Object Model (Russian Edition)

Istochnik: Wikipedia. Stranitsy: 57. Glavy: HTTP, Kaskadnye tablitsy stilyeĭ, XML, SVG, HTML, XSLT, XPath, XHTML, SPARQL, PNG, HTML5, Document Object Model, Web Ontology Language, Kodirovki simvolov v HTML, Rekomendatsii W3C, MathML, CGM, GRDDL, VoiceXML, SOAP, Resource Description Framework, XProc, XML Schema, SMIL, XSL-FO, WebDAV, Web Open Font Format, Speech Synthesis Markup Language, WSDL, XForms, XQuery, XPointer, Timed Text, P3P, XLink, InkML. Vyderzhka: HTTP (sokr. ot angl. - «protokol peredachi giperteksta») - protokol prikladnogo urovnya peredachi dannykh (iznachalʹno - v vide gipertekstovykh dokumentov). Osnovoĭ HTTP yavlyaet·sya tekhnologiya «klient-server», to yestʹ predpolagaet·sya sushchestvovanie potrebitelyeĭ (klientov), kotorye initsiiruyut soedinenie i posylayut zapros, i postavshchikov (serverov), kotorye ozhidayut soedineniya dlya polucheniya zaprosa, proizvodyat nyeobkhodimye dyeĭstviya i vozvrashchayut obratno soobshchenie s rezulʹtatom. HTTP v nastoyashchyee vremya povsemestno ispolʹzuet·sya vo Vsemirnoĭ pautine dlya polucheniya informatsii s veb-saĭtov. V 2006 godu v Severnoĭ Amerike dolya HTTP-trafika prevysila dolyu P2P-setyeĭ i sostavila 46 %, iz kotorykh pochti polovina - eto peredacha potokovogo vidyeo i zvuka. HTTP ispolʹzuet·sya takzhe v kachestve «transporta» dlya drugikh protokolov prikladnogo urovnya, takikh kak SOAP, XML-RPC, WebDAV. Osnovnym obʺektom manipulyatsii v HTTP yavlyaet·sya resurs, na kotoryĭ ukazyvaet URI (angl. ) v zaprose klienta. Obychno takimi resursami yavlyayut·sya khranyashchiesya na servere faĭly, no imi mogut bytʹ logicheskie obʺekty ili chto-to abstraktnoe. Osobennostʹyu protokola HTTP yavlyaet·sya vozmozhnostʹ ukazatʹ v zaprose i otvete sposob predstavleniya odnogo i togo zhe resursa po razlichnym parametram: formatu, kodirovke, yazyku i t. d. Imenno blagodarya vozmozhnosti ukazaniya sposoba kodirovaniya soobshcheniya klient i server mogut obmenivatʹsya dvoichnymi dannymi, khotya dannyĭ protoko...