Effects of surface oxygen on the performance of carbon as an anode in lithium-ion batteries

Original publisher: [Cleveland, Ohio] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center ; Hanover, MD : Available from NASA Center for Aerospace Information, [2001]. OCLC Number: (OCoLC)51642676 Excerpt: ... 3.5 A ( low oxygen ) 3.0 B ( O = vC ) l A C eta ( - O - C ) P ( C ) Precursor ( C ) 2.5 m C Precursor ( B ) hium 2.0 P ( B ) lit versus 1.5 B Voltage 1.0 0.5 0.0 - 500 - 400 - 300 - 200 - 100 0 ( a ) Capacity ( mAh / g ) 2.5 C P ( B ) A ( low oxygen ) B B ( = O ) v C tal ( - O - C ) 2.0 A Precursor ( C ) me Precursor ( B ) thium 1.5 P ( C ) li versus 1.0 Voltage 0.5 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 ( b ) Capacity ( mAh / g ) Figure 4. - Voltage of anodes made from carbon with different surfaces during first half cycles of lithium. ( a ) Insertion. ( b ) Release. NASA / TM - 2001-210700 11