The manufacture of synthetic phenol from benzol by sulphonation; synthetic phenol (carbolic acid), its uses, the raw materials, and the necessary ... for its production on a commercial basis

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 edition. Excerpt: ...and pressure gauges can be of the old type, or of the modern recording, indicating and alarm kind. Every minute of the operation can be shown on a record, giving time, pressure and temperature, that can be preserved. Automatic devices can register each mechanical step of the entire plant and all these devices to govern or keep check upon the work, can indicate, both at the unit for the operator, and also at a distance for the Director. With all these variations and possibilities then, there is no such thing as a stereotyped plan for a Phenol plant. The Engineer's function is to present all these various ways, explain and illustrate each in full, show the utility and cost of each and then leave the Client to intelligently select the principal features that appeal to him the most. After this decision, plans for the arrangement of the plant and construction of the several units must be made, and so each plant becomes entirely different from any other that has preceded it, except for the smaller parts. Each piece of apparatus is designed to be built in any Foundry, Machine Shop or Boiler Making Plant anywhere. All the cast-iron kettles are sweep work and require no large patterns. As most of the items are quite large, it means that the machined surfaces require large lathes, or boring mills, to handle them. The sheet steel tanks are readily made in any locality and well detailed shop drawings are provided for everything. Pumps, pipe and fittings are the usual stock that is on sale in every supply depot in the country. Wooden tanks are usually 3" cypress and obtainable most anywhere. The legs on every item are adjustable, so that the unit can be accurately plumbed, or tilted toward the outlets, as may be required. Condensers are of every...