Working Data For Irrigation Engineers

WORKING DATA FOR IRRIGATION ENGINEERS - 1915 -- P R E F A C E -- EVERY br anch of engineering has its special problems which necessitate the frequent use of certain fundamental data. This requirement has led to the production of handbooks or pocketbooks to cover the requirements of the various fields and the following pages are the result of an attempt to do this for irrigation engineers. The object has been to produce a book that would result in the conservation of the time and mental energy of the user, as well as to present material not readily obtainable from other sources. Utility has been the primary aim in the selection of the material and in the arrangement of subjects. C The author fully realizes that he has accomplished the desired object to a limited extent only. The first edition of a work of this nature must obviously be incomplete in numerous respects, but it is hoped that this defect may be remedied, in large part, in future editions if such should become necessary. To accomplish this, constructive criticisms and suggestions for additions and improvements are earnestly invited. A considerable portion of the material isoriginal. Most of the remainder was taken from the publications and records of the United States Reclamation Service, and the author considers himself very fortunate in having had this prolific source of valuable information at his disposal. A few tables of a general nature were collected from various other sources. It is hoped that the book in its present form will prove to be of value to irrigation and hydraulic engineers, and the author would repeat his invitation for suggestions for its improvement so that the book may be made of the greatest use to the largest number. E. A. M. WASHINGTO D N . , C., December, 1914. m h .-- CONTENTS -- PAGE PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .. 1 1 LIST OF DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix LINISTTR O O F D T U A CT B I L ON E . S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x l . x i . ii . CHAPTER I EXAMINATIO A N ND RECONNOISSANCE . . . . . . . . . . 1 Amount of Land Available-Maps Used-Source of Water Supply and Quantity Available-Table of Water Supply Papers Published by the Geological Survey-Index Map of Principal Drainage Basins in the United States-Tables of Annual Precipitation-Gaging Stations-Weir Measurements-Current Meter Measurements-Prior Water Rights-Reservoirs Available. CHAPTER 11 INVESTIGATIO A N N S D SURVEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 Water Duty-Quantity of Water Applied to Land-Monthly Variation of Use-Location of Point of Diversion-Location of Main Canal-Determination of Irrigable Area-Reservoir Surveys-General Remarks on Canal Location. CHAPTER I11 DESIGN O F IRRIGATIOSNT RUCTURE . S . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 Storage Works-Evaporation Tables-Seepage from Reservoirs-Types of Storage Dams-Spillways-Maximum Run-off of Streams-Outlet Works-Diversion Dams-Types of Diversion Dams-Backwater Calculations-Discharge Over Diversion Dams-Headgates-Canals-Capacity-Seepage Losses-Side Slopes-Depth of Flow-Bottom Width-Velocities and Grades-Scouring and Silting Velocities - Formula for Flow - Kutters Coefficient n - Freeboard-Rise of Water on Curves-Chutes-Flumes-Pipes-Flow of Water in Pipes-Tables of Discharge of Pipes-Vertical Drops-Turnouts-Culverts. CHAPTER IV HYDRAULIDCI AGRAM A S N D TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . ...