Metallurgy; A Condensed Treatise For The Use Of College Students And Any Desiring A General Knowledge Of The Subject

A CONDENSED TREATISE FOR THE USE OF College Students and Any Desiring a General Knowledge of the Subject - 1914 - PREFACE - The aim and ideal in this book, as stated in the preface to the first edition, is to set forth the history, practice and philosophy of metallurgy in a brief, clear manner. The primary object was to supplement a course of lectures given to engineering students, but further thought and consultation with other teachers convinced me that there was need for an elementary treatise on metallurgy in many American colleges. Every teacher knows that his most ardent and painstaking efforts will be futile if he fails to enlist the students interest. X book may be far from profound and rudimentary to a fault, but nevertheless, successful if it presents fundamental subjects - in a style that arouses interest and, therefore, commands attention. Aside from the prerequisites of accuracy and clearness class room books should be readable and well balanced. In elementary courses the text should be used from cover to cover, and the expediency of omitting certain chapters or articles should not be felt from either the academic or the technical point of view. The beginner needs perspective rather than detail, breadth rather than depth, and when given a view of the subject as a whole and shown something of its meaning his mind will submit more willingly, if not zealously, to abstraction and detail. No criticism is made of compendiums or of texts in which subjects are dealt with exhaustively. These have their indispensable places in special courses and as works of reference. The criticisms of the first edition of this book have been carefully weighed. While adhering to the original ideal, the effort has been made to improve the text in every way possible, and to make it more useful. A number of chapters have been rewritten, many new illustrations have been added, and the book as a whole is somewhat enlarged. I take pleasure in acknowledging my indebtedness to all who iv PREFACE have co-operated with me, or from whom I have, consciously 01-unconsciously, derived assistance. I have endeavored to justify, in a larger measure, the favorable opinions and confideilce awarded the first edition of this work. EASTON P , A ., H. W. January, I 914. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE INTRODUCT .. I . O .. N . ................................................ I PHYSICAPRLO PERTI O E F S M ETAL . S . ................................. 1-12 Testing Metals ............................................. - 8-12 CH. 4PTER I1 REFRACTORI A E N S D FLUX . E . S .. .................................... . I 3 .23 Acid Materials .............................................. 14 Basic Materials ............................................. 16 Neutral Materials ........................................... 17 Fluxes and Slags ............................................ 18 Testing Refractories ........................................ 20 CHAPTER I11 COMBUSTIO A N S D THERMA M L E ASUREMEN . T .. S . ................... . 2 4 - 42 Combustioi ................................................. 24 Calorimetry .................................................. 25 Pyrometry ................................................... 29 CHAPTER IV THE NATURAL F UELS .. .......................................... 4 3-48 Wood ....................................................... 43 Peat ........................................................ 43 Lignite ...................................................... 44 Coal ......................................................... 45 Natural Gas ..................................................