River And Canal Engineering - The Characteristics Of Open Flowing Streams, And The Principles And Methods To Be Followed In Dealing With Them

CONTENTS CHAPTER I IXTRODUCTION AItTICLE ll. IGE 1. Preliminary Remarks . 1 2 . RBsum of the Subject . 1 3. Design and Execution of Works . 3 4. The H draulicso f Open Streams . 4 CHAPTER I1 RAIKFALL 1. Rainfall Statistics 6 2,. Available Rainfall 9 3. i leasurement of Rainfall . . 13 4. Influence of Forests and Vegetation . . 14 5. Heavy Falls in Short Periods . . 15 CHAPTER I11 COLLECTION OF INFORMATION COKCERNING STREAMS 1. Preliminary Remarks . 2. Streani Gauges . 3. Plan and Sections 4. Discharge Observations . 5. Discharge Curves and Tables . 6. Small Streams . 7. Irlterruittent Streams . 8. Remarks . v vi RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING CHAPTER I TIIE SILTIKG BSI SCOURING ARTIO1, E 1. Preliminary Itemarks . 2. Rollecl Iiaterial . 3. Materials carried in Suspe sioll . 4. Metl otls of Investigation . 5. Quantity nilil Distril itiolo f Silt G. Practical Fornluli a nd Figmes . 7. Action on the Sitlcs of a Cl nnliel 8. lctioiia t I rnd . 9. Gene1. 11 Tencle lcies of Stre inls . ACTIOS OF STREBIIS P. 4C. R 3 7 5 0 1 S 3.5 . 37 . 4 0 . 42 . 4 - 5 1. Pre1imiu lry Ilell arl s . . 4fi 3. 111crease of Scour or Jiec111c. tioli of Siltil g . 48 3. Procluctio i of Silt Deposit . 51 4. Arriulgelllcnts at Ui hrcations . 5 5. A C 11131 with He l voriIlli s I River . 54 6. Protection of the Ikcl . . i S IVORKS FOR THE PI OTE TI S L 1. 11 I l. Ireliminary Ren1 trl s . . GO 2. Spurs . . 61 3. Co ltirluous Liniiig of tlic Bank . . 64 4. Heavy Stune Pitching with Sproli . 71 CHAPTER V11 1 IVERSIONS AND CLOSt7RES OF STREAMS 1. Diversions . 73 2. Closure of a Flo ving Stream . 75 3. Illstailces uf Closures of Streams . . 80 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER V111 THE TRAINING AND CANALISATIOX OF RIVERS A11TICLE 1. Preliminary Remarks . 2. Dredging anci Excavating 3. Iteductioll of Width . 2. Alteration of Depth or Water-Level . 5. Training 1nd Canalising . CHAPTER IX CANALS ASD CONDUITS 1. Banks . 2. Navigation Canals 3. Locks . 4. Other Artificial Cl anrlels CHAPTER X WEIRS AND SLUICES 1. Preliminary Remarks . 2. General Design of a JVeir 3. Weirs on Sandy or Porous Soil . 4. Various Types of Weirs . 5. Weirs with Sluices 6. Falling Shutters . 7. Adjustable Weirs 8. Itemarks on Sluices CHAPTER XI BRIDGES AND SYPHONS 1. Bridges . 3. Syphons and Culverts . 3. Training Works . riii RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEEEIKG CHAPTER XI1 DItAINBtiE AKD FLOODS ARTIC1. E 1. Prelillliilary Rem, irlis . 2. Sillall Stre iills 3. Rivers . 4. Prediction of Flootls 5. Prevention of lJloocls 6. Lowering tlie Vater-Le1 rl 7. Flootl E l il, ulkmeiits CHAPTER XI11 l . Reservoirs . 162 2. Capacity of Keservoi1, s . 167 3. E rtlieri D aills . . l74 4. Nasonry I. nnis . . 181 CHAPTER SIT 1. Tides . . 190 2. Tidal Rirt- rrs . . 192 3. Worlis in Tidal Rivers . . 196 4. Titlnl Estuaries . . 197 5. Worbs in Tidal Estuaries . 198 CHBPTER ST RIVER BARS 1. Deltaic Rivers . . 203 2. Other Rivers . 20.7 APPEXDIX A . Fallacies in the IIgdraulics of Streams , 209 ,, B. Pitching and Bcd Protection . 212 PREFACE THE object of this book is to describe the principles and practice adopted in the Engineering of Open Streams. If the book seems to be somewhat small for its object, it will, it is hoped, be found that this is due to care in the arrangement and wording...