History of Iran Political Parties; Volume II, Political Parties of Reza Shah E: Tarikh-i Hezb Hay-i Siasy-i Iran; Jeld-i Dowoum; Hezb Hay-i Siasy-i Asr-i Reza Shah (2nd) (Volume 4) (Persian Edition)

In the beginning of 20th century to many Iranian intellectuals the only way to save country from government corruption and foreign manipulation was changing the current status of governing which was despotic and back-warded one to a constitutional one. Of course the idea of having a constitutional monarchy goes back to the premiership of the late Amir Kabir who some day had said that: “I wanted to establish a constitutional system but they did not gave me enough chance”. After the demise of Amir Kabir, the idea lived alive and impatiently was waiting for emerging the suitable atmosphere which at last prepared by the late Mirza Reza Kermani who shouted and killed Nasser-i Din Shah at threshold of his fifty years reign festivals, though the constitutional uprising started 10 year after the assassination of the Nasser-i Din Shah. The breeze of change began with the surging the price of sugar cube in Tehran due to the costly living of the Mozaffar-i Din Shah who had gone to Europe three times by getting considerable high interest loans from both England and Russia by putting the income Custom Houses of Iran as pawn and giving other costly concessions to both governments; and putting the burden of these loan to the shoulders of the common citizens. The Governor of Tehran who knew the core of problem, for showing the authority of the government ordered to put the well-known merchants of sugar cube in jail and did punish them in worst manner in public. The Bazzar reacted abruptly and went to strike and the first flame of revolution struck. Later on grand clergies of Tehran who were not happy with so many wrong doings of the government shake hand with the merchants and traders of Bazzar and became in clandestine collaboration. Soon after here and there many covert associations were established in order to harmonize the efforts dissidents in order to establish the House of Justice supervising the judicial affairs of the country in order to prevent anybody by his own judgment punish the innocent people. But the government did not accept the demand of the representative of the people and threaten them with more harsh punishment. The leader of the dissidents got refugee in sacred places and crowds jointed them in large scale and in the meantime the protest and demonstration continued and expanded throughout the countries. Within one year, at last government found itself in very hard situation and bowed to the demand of the dissidents who now demanded consultative assembly and separation of the powers, which were granted. The revolutionary cells and covert associations, who were active during one year in Iran, become the establishment cores of the political parties in Iran. We will study these political entities in four volumes; Constitutional era, Reza Shah Pahlavi, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and Islamic Republic time.