The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective (FBI Academy)

The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective Mary Ellen O'Toole, PhD Supervisory Special Agent Federal Bureau of Investigation Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC) FBI Academy Quantico, Virginia 22135 Why would a student bring a weapon to school and without any explicable reason open fire on fellow students and teachers? Are school shooters angry? Are they crazy? Is their motive revenge? Hatred for the victims? A hunger for attention? The origins of human violence are complex. Thinkers, historians, and scientists have explored the issue for centuries, but answers remain elusive. The roots of a violent act are multiple, intricate, and intertwined. The mix of factors varies according to the individual and the circumstances. Understanding violence after it has occurred is difficult enough. Trying to assess a threat and keep it from being carried out is even more of a challenge. This monograph presents a systematic procedure for threat assessment and intervention. The model is designed to be used by educators, mental health professionals and law enforcement agencies. Obviously, the same events that led the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC) to this subject have also led school administrators and law enforcement officials across the country to consider and develop their own policies and procedures for dealing with threats or acts of violence in schools. This model is offered in the hope that it may help refine and strengthen those efforts. Its fundamental building blocks are the threat assessment standards outlined in Chapter II, which provide a framework for evaluating a spoken, written, and symbolic threat, and the four-pronged assessment approach, which will be described in Chapter III and provides a logical, methodical process to examine the threatener and assess the risk that the threat will be carried out.

• Assessing Student Threats: A Handbook for Implementing the Salem-Keizer System
• Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide the Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates
• School Shooters: Understanding High School, College, and Adult Perpetrators
• Why Kids Kill: Inside the Minds of School Shooters
• Rampage: The Social Roots of School Shootings
• Assessing Student Threats: Implementing the Salem-Keizer System
• Newtown: An American Tragedy
• Threat Assessment and Management Strategies: Identifying the Howlers and Hunters, Second Edition
• 2018 Secret Service School Shooting Reports: Making Schools Safer, Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model: An Operational Guide for Preventing Targeted School Violence (July 2018)
• Why Kids Kill: Inside the Minds of School Shooters