Stan Laurel and Other Stars of the Panopticon: The Story of the Britannia Music Hall

A humorous and, at times, tragic journey through the life of the oldest surviving music hall in Britain (if not the world) which is famed for being the place where Stan Laurel made his debut in 1906. Originally known as the Britannia, this early music hall was the site for many famous early performances and debuts which included Harry Lauder, Charles Coburn, Dan Leno, and Marie Loftus. Britannia was host to early burlesque and risque performers who pushed the boundaries of decency in the 1870s and 1880s. In 1896, early films were shown in the music hall and by 1897 had become a regular feature of the Britannia playbills. In 1906, the biggest change of all was to come when 'A. E. Pickard Unlimited of London, Paris, Moscow and Bannockburn' arrived as manager. He was a follower of the American showman P. T. Barnum, and with this influence in mind added to the bill of entertainments by creating a carnival, wax works, and freak show in the attic space above the auditorium and a zoo in the basement of the building which included 42 animal cages, distorting mirrors, paintings by Hogarth, and medieval etchings of Chinese torture. The building closed in 1938 and the auditorium sealed behind partitions; its last use was as a chicken farm during the Second World War.