International Electronic Evidence

An increasing number of civil and criminal proceedings involve the use of digital evidence across jurisdictional boundaries. Digital evidence now affects every aspect of law, including contract, employment, family, crime, intellectual property, and land law. In effect, no area of law is excluded, and digital evidence has become of greater importance now that the Internet has become ubiquitous. It is increasingly apparent that criminals and terrorists target the electronic environment in order to steal, to carry out extortion, and to abuse children across jurisdictions. Additionally, both public and commercial organizations now rely on the digital environment to such an extent that it has become critical to business and, perhaps, the survival of the state. International Electronic Evidence provides an outline of the substantive law of evidence, admissibility, disclosure, and procedural requirements in respect of digital evidence for the jurisdictions covered, which include: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, and Turkey.