Intended for advanced students and practitioners of wastewater engineering, this text offers the theory and quantitative rationale for treating wastewater and industrial sludges , with public safety and efficiency in mind. The authors bring both an instructional and engineering background to the subject of sludge, presenting the necessary calculations as well as clearly explained design alternatives for each process in sludge handling. The authors are fully attuned to the controversies surrounding sludge disposal and carefully lay out US and European regulations that govern current technologies. The book offers important information on emerging practices for safe and legal sludge disposal. Numerous case studies and sample problems are included.
Partial List of Content:CHAPTER 1: SLUDGE SOURCES, QUANTITIES, AND MANAGEMENT 1.1 Sludge Sources 1.2 Sludge Quantities 1.3 Rationale of Sludge Management in a Wastewater Treatment Plant 1.4 Sludge Disposal: Laws and Regulations 1.5 Sludge Disposal: Sustainability 1.6 Conclusions 1.7 References 1.8 Problems CHAPTER 2: SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Physical Characteristics of Sludge 2.2 Chemical Characteristics of Sludge 2.3 Biological Characteristics of Sludge 2.4 Conclusions 2.5 References 2.6 Problems CHAPTER 3: SLUDGE STABILIZATION 3.1 Stability Parameters 3.2 Biological Stabilization of Sludge 3.3 Chemical Stabilization 3.4 Physical Stabilization 3.5 Conclusions 3.6 References 3.7 Problems CHAPTER 4: SLUDGE PUMPING AND CONVEYING 4.1 Liquid Sludge Pumping 4.2 Dewatered Sludge Pumping and Conveying 4.3 Dried Sludge Conveying 4.4 In-line Measurement of Sludge Density 4.5 References 4.6 Problems CHAPTER 5: SLUDGE THICKENING 5.1 Gravitational Thickening 5.2 Flotation Thickening 5.3 Gravity Belt Thickening 5.4 Other Methods of Thickening 5.5 Conclusions 5.6 References 5.7 Problems CHAPTER 6: SLUDGE DEWATERING 6.1 Sand Beds 6.2 Lagoons 6.3 Wedge Wire Beds 6.4 Freezing Beds 6.5 Vacuum Filters 6.6 Filter Presses 6.7 Belt Filters 6.8 Centrifuges 6.9 Limits of Dewatering 6.10 Conclusions 6.11 References 6.12 Problems CHAPTER 7: SLUDGE CONDITIONING 7.1 Chemical Conditioning 7.2 Heat Conditioning 7.3 Elutriation 7.4 Freeze-Thaw Conditioning 7.5 Bulking Materials 7.6 Conclusions 7.7 References 7.8 Problems CHAPTER 8: SLUDGE DRYING AND COMBUSTION 8.1 Sludge Drying 8.2 Sludge Combustion 8.3 Alternative Thermal Technologies 8.4 Conclusions 8.5 References 8.6 Problems CHAPTER 9: CHEMICAL SLUDGES 9.1 Chemical Treatment of Wastewater 303 9.2 Alum Sludge from Water Treatment Plants 305 9.3 Iron Sludges from Wastewater Treatment Plants 308 9.4 Lime and Water Softening Sludges 309 9.5 Metal Hydroxides 314 9.5 Ultimate Disposal of Industrial Sludges 315 9.6 Conclusions 316 9.7 References 317 9.8 Problems 317 CHAPTER 10: LAND DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE AS BIOSOLIDS 10.1 Benefits of Sludge Disposal on Land 10.2 Land Application of Biosolids 10.3 Calculating Land Area Requirements for Biosolids 10.4 Application Methods for Liquid and Dewatered Biosolids 10.5 Conclusions 10.6 References 10.7 Problems CHAPTER 11: OTHER OPTIONS FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL AND BENEFICIAL USE 11.1 Pyrolysis and Gasification 11.2 Oil from Sludge 11.3 Building Materials from Sludge 11.4 Deep Well Injection 11.5 Disposal into the Marine Environment 11.6 Disposal of Sludge into Landfills 11.7 Conclusions 11.8 References 11.9 Problems CHAPTER 12: REGULATIONS GOVERNING SLUDGE DISPOSAL 12.1 Regulations Governing Sludge Disposal on Land in the United States 12.2 Review of Regulations and Potential Health Concerns with Sludge Land Application 12.3 Future Trends in Land Application Regulations 12.4 Regulations in E