The Vipers of Europe

Originally printed in the German language it has now been translated into English. New species and subspecies have been defined, several subspecies have been elevated to species rank, and various taxa have been transferred to other genera. This made me revise, and expand where necessary, the original edition. The present book uses most of the latest taxonomy, and systematic changes are discussed, irrespective of whether they have found general acceptance amongst specialists or not. The major aim of this publication is to portray the vipers of Europe in all their beauty and unuqueness, to describe the individual forms, and to discuss their particular biological needs.