University Presidents: Transactional and Transformational Leadership

University presidents nominated by peers as especially effective and a sample of randomly selected representative presidents were mailed the Effective Leadership Inventory. From the resulting data set, two meaningful subsets of items were formed using factor and reliability analyses, which resulted in subscales thought to measure transactional and transformational leadership styles. Analyses revealed that both effective and representative presidents, regardless of gender or institution type perceived themselves as exhibiting behaviors associated with transactional leadership to a greater degree than behaviors associated with transformational leadership. This book is intended for students in higher education administration and organizational behavior programs and aspiring and current university presidents.