Applied Science I

Applied Physics Wave Particle Duality : Concept of group velocity, Phase velocity, Wave nature of matter, De-broglie waves, Derivation of De-broglie's formula by analogy with radiation, Wavelength of matter waves, Electron diffraction, Davisson and Germer's experiment, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle with illustrations of electron diffraction at a single slit and Gamma ray Microscope. Wave Equations : Concept of wave function and probability interpretation, Schrodinger's time-dependent and time-independent wave equations. Physical significance of the wave function, Applications of Schrodinger's time-independent wave equations to problems of (i) particle in a rigid box, (ii) particle in a non-rigid box (qualitative and results only), (iii) Harmonic Oscillator (Qualitative only) Explanation of tunneling effect, tunnel diode. Lasers : Qualitative explanation of stimulated absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, special properties of lasers, qualitative discussion of principle, construction and working of Ruby laser, Helium-Neon laser and semiconductor lasers (brief discussion). Applications in Industry (drilling, welding, micro-machining etc.) Medicine (as a surgical tool), Communication systems (fibre optics basic principle and working), Information Technology (Holography, CD-write devices, Printing etc) Magnetism and Superconductivity : Introduction to magnetism B,H I, and µ. Ferrites and anti-ferrites. Introduction to superconductors, properties (zero resistance, meissner effect, critical fields). Type I and Type II superconductors, Critical currents, BCS theory, Isotope effect, Applications (super conducting magnets, Transmission lines etc.) Semiconductor Physics: Classification of materials on the basis of electrical properties (e.g. resistivity). Band theory of solids, Band structures of Lithium, Beryllium, Silicon and Diamond. Classification of solids on the basis of band theory. Types of semiconductors Introduction to the concept of electrical conductivity. Conductivity of conductors and semiconductors. Temperature dependence of conductivity. Hall effect and Hall coefficient. Fermi-Dirac probability distribution function. Position of Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductors (derivation) and in Extrinsic semiconductors. Band structure of PN junction diode under forward and reverse biasing. Transistor working PNP and NPN on the basis of band diagrams. Photovoltaic effect. Working of a solar cell. Applications. Modern Physics : Motion of an electron in electric and magnetic fields. Specific charge of an electron, e/m of an electron by Thomson's method. Electrostatic and Magneto static focusing. Electron Microscope. Positive Rays, Bainbridge Mass Spectrograph. Applied Chemistry Fuels : Classification of fuels, Comparison between solid, Liquid and gaseous fuels, Calorific value and its units. Determination of calorific value - Bomb calorimeter, Boy's calorimeter numericals. Solid fuels : Coal, Classification of coal, Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, Numericals based on analysis of coal .Types of carbonization of coal - low temperature and high temperature carbonization. Liquid fuels : Octane number of petrol, Cetane number of Diesel. Power alcohol, its importance as fuel. Biodisel. Gaseous fuels : Composition, properties and applications of natural gas treatment products such as CNG, LPG, LNG and their applications. Hydrogen gas as a fuel, Production, Properties, Storage and transportation. Combustion : Mechanism, Calculations on air requirement for combustion - numericals, Rocket propellants - Characteristics of good propellant.