ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Introduction to CRO, Different parts of CRO, Its block diagram, Electrostatic focusing, Electrostatic deflection, Post deflection acceleration, Screen for CRTs, Graticule, Vertical and horizontal deflection system, Time base circuit, Oscilloscope probes and transducers. Attenuators, Application of CROs, Lissajous patterns, Special purpose CROs - multi input, Dual trace, Dual beam, Sampling, Storage (analog and digital) oscilloscopes. A.C. Bridge Measurement Sources and detectors, Use of bridges for measurement of inductance, Capacitance and Q factor Maxwells bridge, Maxwells inductance capacitance bridge, Hays bridge, Andersons bridge, Owen's bridge, De-sauty's bridge, Schering bridge, High voltage schering bridge, Measurement of relative permittivity, Heaviside cambell's bridge, Weins bridge, Universal bridge, Sources of errors in bridge circuit, Wagner's earthing device, Q meter and its applications and measurement methods. Transducers Transducers definition and classification, Mechanical devices as primary detectors, Characteristic and choice of transducers, Resistive inductive and capacitive transducers, Strain gauge and gauge factor, Thermistor, Thermo couples, LVDT, RVDT, Synchros, Piexo-electric transducers, Magnet elastic and magnetostrictive hall effect transducers, Opto-electronic transducers such as photovoltaic, Photoconductive, Photodiode and photoconductive cells, Phototransistors, Photooptic transducers, Introduction to analog and digital data acquisition systems - instrumentation systems used, Interfacing transducers to electronic control and measuring systems multiplexing - D/A multiplexing A-D multiplexing, Special encoders, Digital control description. Signal Generators Fixed and variable frequency AF oscillators, Sine wave generators, Standard signal generator, AF sine and square wave generator function generator, Square and pulse generator, Random noise generator, Sweep generator, TV sweep generator, Marker generator, Sweep-Marker generator, Wobblyscope, Video patten generator vectroscope, Beat frequency oscillator. Wave Analyzer Basic wave analyzer, Frequency selective wave analyzer, Heterodyne wave analyzer, Harmonic distortion, Analyzer, Spectrum analyzer digital Fourier analyzer. Digital Instruments Advantages of digital instruments over analog instruments, resolution and sensitivity of digital meters, Digital voltmeter-Ramp type, Dual slope integration type, Integrating type, Successive approximation type, Condinuous balance DVM or servo balancing potentiometer type DVM. , compression of electronic and digital volt meter, Digital multimeter, Digital frequency meter, Time period measurement, High frequency measurement, Electronic counter, Digital tachometer, Digital PH meter, Digital phase meter, Digital capacitance meter. Digital display system and indicators like CRT, LED, LCD, Nixies, Electroluminescent,Incandescent, Electrophoretic image display, Liquid vapour display dot-matrix display, Analog recorders, X-Y recorders. Instruments used in computer-controlled instrumentation RS 232C and IEEE 488, GPIB electric interface