Effects of operating conditions on the removal of heavy metals by zeolite in fixed bed reactors [An article from: Journal of Hazardous Materials]

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Description:
This work investigates the effects of flow rate (5-15Bed Volumes/h), particle size (0.8-1.7mm), concentration (0.005-0.02N) and Na^+-enrichment of natural clinoptilolite on the removal efficiency of Pb^2^+, Cu^2^+, Fe^3^+ and Cr^3^+ in aqueous solutions. Ion exchange is performed in an upflow fixed bed reactor. The removal efficiency is increased with decreasing flow rate, particle size and concentration and is improved by a factor of 2-10, depending on the specific metal. The modification of the natural sample is favorable, leading to an increase of removal efficiency by 32-100%. For the experimental conditions examined, removal efficiency order is the following: Pb^2^+>Cr^3^+>Fe^3^+>=Cu^2^+. Finally, the operation is influenced by the studied parameters, following the order: concentration>volumetric flow rate>particlesize>modification of the material.