A dual site study of PM"2"."5 and PM"1"0 aerosol chemistry in the larger region of Vienna, Austria [An article from: Atmospheric Environment]

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Description:
The measurements of PM"2"."5 and PM"1"0 at two sites-an urban site in Vienna (AUPHEP-1) and a rural site considered local background (AUPHEP-2)-indicated only low aerosol generation activity in the city on an annual basis. Defining the term ''urban impact'' as the difference between observations at the urban and the local background site we find an annually averaged urban impact for PM"2"."5 of 3.4@mgm^-^3 and for PM"C of 3.3@mgm^-^3 (the coarse fraction PM"C=PM"1"0-PM"2"."5). The relative increase of the particulate matter (PM) concentration at the urban site compared to the background site (AUPHEP-2) is annually averaged only 19% for PM"2"."5, but 60% for PM"C. The chemical main constituents of the PM"2"."5 urban impact are black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate; the main constituents of the PM"C urban impact are OC and indicators for mineralic aerosol (Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K). The BC/TC ratio of the PM"2"."5 urban impact is typical as for combustion sources, e.g. automotive traffic, oil or coal combustion. Urban coarse OC is considered to originate from non-pyrogenic sources. From the trace metals investigated (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) only Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn exhibited a slight cold season enrichment in the urban airshed. From the weak signal of a seasonality of oil or coal combustion indicators we conclude that local domestic heating sources are using ''clean fuels''.