ELECTRONIC WARFARE AND RADAR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

ABSTRACT:

This handbook is designed to aid electronic warfare and radar systems engineers in making general estimations regarding capabilities of systems. This handbook is sponsored by the NAVAIR Director of Electronic Warfare / Combat Systems.



CONTENTS:

Section

ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS 1-1

FUNDAMENTALS

Constants, Conversions, and Characters 2-1

Mathematical Notation 2-2

Frequency Spectrum 2-3

Decibel (dB) 2-4

Duty Cycle 2-5

Doppler Shift 2-6

Electronic Formulas 2-7

Missile and Electronic Equipment Designations 2-8

Radar Horizon / Line of Sight 2-9

Propagation Time / Resolution 2-10

Modulation2-11

Transforms / Wavelets2-12

ANTENNAS

Antenna Introduction / Basics 3-1

Polarization3-2

Radiation Patterns3-3

Frequency / Phase Effects of Antennas 3-4

Antenna Near Field3-5

Radiation Hazards3-6

Active Electronically Scanned Arrays (AESA) 3-7

RADAR EQUATIONS

Field Intensity and Power Density 4-1

Power Density 4-2

One-Way Radar Equation / RF Propagation4-3

Two-Way Radar Equation (Monostatic) 4-4

Alternate Two-Way Radar Equation 4-5

Two-Way Radar Equation (Bistatic) 4-6

Jamming to Signal (J/S) Ratio - Constant Power [Saturated] Jamming 4-7

Burn-Through / Crossover Range 4-8

Support Jamming 4-9

Jamming to Signal (J/S) Ratio - Constant Gain [Linear] Jamming 4-10

Radar Cross Section (RCS) 4-11

Emission Control (EMCON) 4-12

EW Jamming Techniques 4-13

RADAR AND RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS & TEST

RF Atmospheric Absorption / Ducting5-1

Receiver Sensitivity / Noise5-2

Receiver Types and Characteristics5-3

Radar Modes 5-4

General Radar Display Types 5-5

IFF - Identification - Friend or Foe 5-6

Receiver Tests5-7

Signal Sorting and Direction Finding 5-8

MICROWAVE / RF COMPONENTS

Microwave Waveguides and Coaxial Cable 6-1

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) / Reflection Coefficient

Return Loss / Mismatch Loss 6-2

Microwave Coaxial Connectors 6-3

Power Dividers and Directional Couplers 6-4

Attenuators / Filters / DC Blocks 6-5

Terminations / Dummy Loads 6-6

Circulators and Diplexers 6-7

Mixers and Frequency Discriminators 6-8

Detectors 6-9

RF / Microwave Amplifiers6-10

Signal Generation 6-11

Digital Processing Components 6-12

Microwave Measurements6-13

ELECTRO-OPTICS AND IR 7-1

Introduction 7-11

Optical Spectrum 7-11

Radiometric Quantities and Terminology 7-12

Photometric Quantities 7-13

Basic Principles 7-14

Basic Radiant Power Relationships 7-15

Infrared Source Characteristics 7-110

Atmospheric Transmission 7-114

EO Components and Sensors7-116

IR Threats to Aircraft and Their Countermeasures 7-130

IRCM7-136

Lasers 7-138

Fiber Optics 7-141

Laser Safety 7-2

AIRCRAFT DYNAMICS CONSIDERATIONS

Free Fall / Aircraft Drag 8-1

Mach Number and Airspeed vs Altitude 8-2

Maneuverability 8-3

EMP / Aircraft Dimensions 8-4

DATA TRANSFER BUSSES

Data Busses9-1

RS-232 Interface 9-2

RS-422 Balanced Voltage Interface 9-3

RS-485 Interface 9-4

IEEE-488 Interface Bus (HP-IB/GP-IB) 9-5

MIL-STD-1553 & 1773 Data Bus 9-6

Ethernet 9-7

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol 9-8

GLOSSARY 10-1