Lenormand Symbols: Exploring the Origins of the Images on the Cards

This is the 3rd edition of this text. New in this edition is my translation of an old "Philippe Lenormand" instruction sheet (c.1850) from German into English in an effort to understand the original or traditional meanings of the cards. My goal in writing this e-book was to organize my notes about the original images and traditional card meanings used by cartomancers during the decades after the Lenormand deck made its first appearance in Germany during the 19th century. I was also interested in the names given to the cards and the linguistic connotations and implications of those choices of words. In the Appendix of edition, I have reproduced some of the public domain information about coffee grounds divination, to which the Lenormand owes much of its symbolism, as well as stories related to the Lenormand card images because these stories were part of the popular culture of the time. The Lenormand cards used to illustrate this text are the creations of Jose Manuel Belloso Talavera of Barcelona who kindly gave permission for their use in this text.
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